SAE J377 Vehicular Traffic Sound Signaling Devices
作者:标准资料网 时间:2024-05-15 14:33:10 浏览:8082
来源:标准资料网
Product Code:SAE J377
Title:Vehicular Traffic Sound Signaling Devices
Issuing Committee:Sound Signaling (Horn) Standards Committee
Scope:This SAE Standard establishes the minimum operational life cycles, corrosion resistance, and sound level output for traffic horns (electric) on new automotive highway vehicles. Test equipment, environment, and procedures are specified.
【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodforMeasuringAnionicContaminantsinHigh-PurityWaterbyOn-LineIonChromatography
【原文标准名称】:用联机离子色谱法测量高纯度水中阴离子污染的标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTMD5996-2005(2009)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2005
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:D19.03
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:anions;highpurity;ionchromatography;on-line;Acetateconcentration;Anioniccontamination;Chlorideanalysis--waterapplications;Contamination--water;Fluoride(ion)analysis;Formate;High-puritywater;Ionchromatography(IC);Nitrate(ion)ana
【摘要】:Inthepower-generationindustry,high-puritywaterisusedtoreducecorrosionfromanions,suchassulfate,chloride,andfluoride.Theseanionsareknowntobedetrimentaltomaterialsofconstructionusedinsteamgenerators,reactorvesselinternalsandrecirculationpiping,heatexchangers,connectivepiping,andturbines.Mostelectricgeneratingplantstrytocontroltheseanionstox003C;1.0x03BC;g/Linthesteamgeneratorfeedwater.Somenuclearpowerplantshavebeenabletocontrolanioncontaminantsatlessthan0.02x03BC;g/L.Theseanionsandotherscauselowproductyieldsinsemiconductormanufacturing.Theyarealsomonitoredandcontrolledatsimilarlylowlevelsasintheelectricpowerindustry.Lowmolecularweightorganicacids(acetate,formate,propionate)havebeendetectedinsteamgeneratorfeedwater.Theselowmolecularweightorganicmaterialsarebelievedtobehigh-temperaturedegradationproductsofchemicalsusedtocontrolcyclewaterpHandorganiccontaminantsincyclemakeupwater.Inthesemiconductorindustry,anioncontaminantsmaycomefromthebreakdownoflowmolecularweightorganicmaterialsbyultravioletlightradiation,whichisfrequentlyusedtoproducebacteria-freewater.Theseorganiccompoundsmayalsocontributetolowproductyield.Theproductionofhigh-puritywaterforprocessmakeupandusefrequentlyemploystheuseofdemineralizerstoremoveunwantedanioncontaminants.Alsointheelectricpowerindustry,demineralizersareusedintheprocessstreamtomaintainlowlevelsofthesecontaminants.Assuch,itisimportanttomonitorthisprocesstoensurethatwaterqualitystandardsarebeingmet.Theseprocessescanbemonitoredfortheabove-mentionedanions.On-linemeasurementsofthesecontaminantsprovideagreaterdegreeofprotectionoftheprocessesbyallowingforfrequenton-linemeasurementofthesespecies.Earlydetectionofcontaminantingressallowsforquickercorrectiveactiontolocate,reduce,oreliminate,orcombinationthereof,thesource.Grabsampleswillnotprovidethesamelevelofprotectionbecauseoftheirintermittentnatureandthelongertimerequiredtoobtainandthenanalyzethesample.Additionally,on-linemonitoringsignificantlyreducesthepotentialforcontaminationofhigh-puritywatersamples,asignificantproblemwhensamplingandtestinghigh-puritywater.1.1Thistestmethodcoverson-lineanalysisofhigh-puritywaterbytheionchromatographytechnique.Thistestmethodisapplicableformeasuringvariousanioniccontaminantsinhigh-puritywater,typicallyintherangeof0.01to100x03BC;g/L.Thistestmethodisusedtodeterminetheconcentrationofacetate,formate,chloride,fluoride,phosphate,nitrate,andsulfateinacontinuouslyflowingsample.Therangeofthetestmethodisonlyasgoodasthereagentwateravailableforpreparingstandards.Atextremelylowconcentrations,x003C;1.0x03BC;g/L,preparingstandardsisdifficult,andextracaremustbetakenintheirpreparation.Thesamplemayhavetobeconditionedfromhigherpressuresandtemperaturestoconditionsthataresuitableforusebyon-lineinstruments.1.2Onlinesampleanalysisofflowingstreamsdoesnotlenditselftocollaborativestudiesduetothenatureofthesampleandthepossibilityofcontaminationthatmayresultfromhandlingthesampleaspartofthecollaborativestudy.Thereforethisstandardtestmethodisnotbasedontheresultsofacollaborativestudybutisintendedtoprovidethebestpossibleguidancefordoingthistypeofanalysis.1.3Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoad......
【中国标准分类号】:Z16
【国际标准分类号】:71_040_50
【页数】:6P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语
